Tirzepatide · mechanism
Tirzepatide is the only molecule in the class that activates two incretin receptors at once, GIP and GLP-1, rather than one.
FDA prescribing information for tirzepatide products
Semaglutide · the trial of record
STEP-1, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, is the trial that made this class a household name. It studied branded semaglutide at studied doses.
NEJM 2021 · findings describe the branded product, not compounded preparations
GLP-1 · what it actually is
GLP-1 is not a foreign chemical. Your intestine releases it after every meal to tell your pancreas, stomach and brain that food has arrived.
NIH · incretin physiology
Oral semaglutide · why the rules exist
A peptide should be destroyed by digestion. An absorption enhancer called SNAC protects it long enough to cross the stomach wall, which is why the empty-stomach window matters.
FDA prescribing information for oral semaglutide
Microdosing · the honest version
A lower dose is a clinical strategy, not a shortcut. GLP-1 side effects are dose-related for many people, but they can occur at any dose.
FDA labeling · your clinician sets and adjusts the dose
NAD+ · every cell you have
NAD+ carries electrons from the food you eat to the mitochondria that turn it into energy. Tissue levels measurably decline with age.
NIH · NAD+ metabolism research
NAD+ · why the route matters
NAD+ is large and charged. Swallowed plain, most of it never survives the gut, which is why injection, nasal and liposomal routes exist at all.
Peer-reviewed bioavailability literature
Sermorelin · your own signal
Sermorelin does not supply growth hormone. It prompts your own pituitary to release it, so your body’s feedback loop stays intact and release stays pulsatile.
GHRH receptor pharmacology · not a steroid, not HGH
B12 · two essential reactions
Only two reactions in the entire human body require B12, and both matter: building red blood cells, and maintaining the myelin sheath around your nerves.
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
PDE5 · the enzyme, explained
Arousal raises cyclic GMP and blood flows in. An enzyme called PDE5 breaks it back down. These medications inhibit that enzyme, which is why stimulation is still required.
FDA prescribing information for sildenafil and tadalafil
Tadalafil · 17.5 hours
Tadalafil’s half-life is roughly 17.5 hours against sildenafil’s four. Same enzyme, entirely different clock.
FDA prescribing information
Apomorphine · a different door
Apomorphine is not a PDE5 inhibitor and is unrelated to morphine. It acts centrally, on the dopamine pathways involved in arousal itself.
The apomorphine labeling contraindicates taking it with any drug of the 5HT3 antagonist class. That class is the anti-nausea medicines ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron and palonosetron, plus alosetron, which is used for the bowel. Profound low blood pressure and loss of consciousness have been reported when apomorphine was given with ondansetron. Ondansetron is one of the medicines most often prescribed for the nausea of a GLP-1, so if you take a GLP-1, or you are given anything for nausea by any clinician, say so before a preparation containing apomorphine is prescribed or taken.
Dopaminergic pharmacology · compounded, not FDA-approved
Compounded · said plainly
Compounded means a licensed pharmacy prepares it for one patient on a valid prescription. It is not FDA-approved, not a generic, and not an equivalent of any brand.
FDA · Section 503A of the FD&C Act
How this works
A licensed clinician reads your intake and decides. Declining is a real outcome, and nothing you pay changes that. Full refund if nothing is prescribed.
PinwellRx LLC · our own process